51 pages 1 hour read

The Street

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1946

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Chapters 16-18 Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

Jones returns from painting an apartment upstairs to find that Min, in the words of Mrs. Hedges, is “gone for keeps” (374). He is both relieved and upset, thinking that “[h]e should have killed her this morning” (376),while also being excited at the possibility of freedom. As he rearranges furniture inside the apartment, he sees the dusty outline of Min’s cross on the wall. The shape continues to “haunt” (378) him as a reminder of both his mistreatment of Min and his own general wickedness.

Standing back outside, Jones considers quitting this job and leaving the building altogether. No one seems to like him, and he never quite learned how to deal with other people. His one goal before he does move is to make sure he gets even with Lutie Johnson for rebuffing him. 

Suddenly, two white men approach and begin questioning him. They are from the postal service, and are investigating the recent spate of letters stolen from mailboxes on the street. Jones informs the men about Bub’s suspicious behavior, and helps them identify Bub when he arrives home from school.

The men catch Bub in the act of stealing a letter, and after a “short, sharp struggle” (383), he is taken away in their car as the neighborhood looks on. Jones, satisfied that “[h]e’d fixed” Lutie “good” (384), gets excited at the thought of telling Lutie that he was behind her son’s arrest. After Mrs. Hedges questions him about Bub’s whereabouts, Jones feels fearful that Hedges can “read his mind” (385) and so retreats inside to revel in his success.

Meanwhile, Lutie arrives home and Mrs. Hedges informs her of Bub’s arrest. The two detectives hand her the information about Bub’s appearance in Children’s Court, and tell her that she can see him at the children’s shelter tomorrow. Lutie breaks down in the hallway, wailing and pounding on the walls. She blames herself for pushing Bub to crime because of her constant talk about money, but she also blames the unfairness of a social system in which “[t]he women work and the kids to go reform school” (388) because they have no supervision. 

She finds a lawyer down the street, who tells her he can “practically guarantee” (392) to get Bub off for $200. She leaves, invigorated by the thought of Bub’s freedom, while the lawyer muses that, even though “she doesn’t need a lawyer” (391), he’ll be happy to take the money off her hands.

Chapter 17 Summary

Lutie frets as she tries to figure out how to come up with $200 in legal fees. She doesn’t have the money, and nothing she owns is worth even close to that amount. In fact, no one she’s ever known has had that amount of money, owning at most “driblets that barely covered food and shoes and subway fare” (394). She considers asking some of the women at her work, but has heard them speak of their “sick mothers and unemployed fathers” (395), and knows they would not have the money to spare.

Finally, Lutie settles upon Boots Smith, knowing that that amount would be “no problem to him” (398). She drops by his lavish apartment. Upon hearing her story, it was like Boots had “suddenly seen something he had been waiting for, seen it spread right out in front of him, and it was something that he wanted badly” (400). He’s eager to help her, perhaps too eager, and agrees to give her the money the following night. Though Lutie knows Boots’ intentions aren’t pure, Lutie has little choice but to take his money. 

Lutie worries that Bub’s future is in jeopardy, for all the teachers and other authority figures would view him suspiciously since he has now “established himself in their minds as a potential criminal” (402). She blames herself for not being present enough in Bub’s life, and thinks back to her own childhood, when she was never alone in the home because her Granny was always around: “Granny was there and it gave [Lutie] a sense of security that Bub had never known” (404). 

She visits Bub in the children’s shelter, and is surprised to find that not all of the other mothers in the waiting room are black. She does notice one common connection, however, that they are “all here because we’re poor” (409). Their visit is brief and dissatisfying, though she promises to visit every day until his hearing on Friday.

In order to distract herself from the waiting empty apartment, Lutie goes to the movies. However, the “glitter on the screen did nothing to dispel her sense of panic” (412), since the action onscreen seemed so far away from her real-life problems. She then goes to a salon, but can’t help shivering at the stillness that had found her in the shelter and followed her all day. This stillness now sat in the empty chair next to her, “Waiting. Waiting” (413).

Chapter 18 Summary

Lutie exits the salon and is overwhelmed by the street outside, the noise, the dirtiness, and the people. She thinks of her son, saddened that “[i]t was impossible to know how this street looked to eight-year-old Bub. It may have appealed to him or it may have frightened him” (415).

As Lutie enters her apartment, Mrs. Hedges, who knows Lutie needs money for Bub, once again offers her a chance to meet with Junto. Lutie ignores this and returns to her apartment. Inside, her rage and sadness become focused on Junto, the image of whom she imagines sitting on her couch. She knows that Junto’s “desire to sleep with her” (422) kept Boots from paying her for singing at the casino, and has led to much of her current misfortune. 

She reluctantly returns to Boots’ apartment for the money, and finds that Junto himself waits with Boots. She surprises herself when she realizes that she “would like to kill” (422) Junto for all that she’s done. Boots suggests that all her problems will go away if she’s nice to Junto, but she resists, demanding that Junto leave.

He does, and Boots relishes the opportunity to have Lutie before Junto could. Boots fixes he and Lutie a drink and then begins to kiss Lutie roughly. She resists, becoming filled with so much anger that she “couldn’t even think straight, couldn’t even see straight” (426). After he slaps her, she grabs a candlestick and with an “anger surging through her” (428), begins to batter him with it.

In that moment, Boots represents “everything she hated, everything she had fought against” (429), and all the men who had wronged her or kept her down. She continues to beat his head with the candlestick even after he becomes motionless and a “haze of red blocked his face out completely” (431).

Lutie soon comes to her senses and realizes what she’s done: murdered Boots. She quickly understands that she can no longer stay in the city or be a mother to Bub. He would be “bewildered and lost without her” (435), but she determines that being raised in a reform school would be better than seeing her arrested. Lutie takes money from Boots’ wallet and flees the apartment building. At the train depot, she figures that “Chicago was not too far away and it was big” (434), and so buys a ticket there, in order to disappear into a new life.

As the train leaves, she thinks about how her life conspired to take her to that moment, fleeing town a murderer and abandoning her son, and blames it on one simple thing: “It was that god-damned street” (436).

Chapters 16-18 Analysis

The final section of the novel details Lutie’s final descent, as the world around her collapses. Jones, stymied in all his attempts to have Lutie, exploits her one weakness—Bub—in order to ensure no one else can have her. Arrested by the authorities after being manipulated by Jones, Bub is unfortunate collateral damage in Jones’ efforts to feel powerful in an otherwise powerless life. Bub’s swift fall also shows how easily a young man’s life can be ruined by those he trusted on a street such as this. As Lutie fears, now Bub has become just another young black criminal, so easy to dismiss. Now he had “even less” (402) of a chance in life.

Though Lutie blames Bub’s arrest on herself for being out of the house and not giving Bub enough guidance, she also recognizes the social context that led to this environment. Black men weren’t given a fair chance at work since “white folks haven’t liked to give black men jobs” (388), a situation that forces black women to take jobs outside of the house and leave children to themselves.

Lutie recognizes that racism has real economic and familial effects on African-Americans. With so few resources in communities such as Lutie’s, those who live there often fight amongst each other, as reflected in Jones’ behaviors. Even though America at this time was faced with an existential threat in the form of a World War, racism still ran rampant, regardless of the African-Americans fighting for their country. Lutie acknowledges that “[e]ven wars don’t change” (389) the systemic racism throughout the country.

Lutie spends much of this last section reflecting on her situation, feeling the heaviness of the empty apartment. Lutie tries to distract herself, but the fantasy world of film offers no relief, instead providing a sharp contrast to just how different the world on film is from her troubles. The struggles of African-Americans during this time period were often overlooked or ignored, leading to an even greater disconnect from the white community. Because whites did not attempt to understand what led to the plight of African-Americans, it was easier for them to dismiss women like Lutie or children like Bub as less than human.

Lutie’s murder of Boots represents her attempt at vindication against a society that has held her back at every turn: “he represented all these things and she was destroying them” (430). However, it provides no real relief, and only serves to permanently sever her connection to Bub. Especially telling is that Lutie murders another African-American, rather than Junto, the white man ultimately responsible for many of her problems. Junto remains relatively unharmed, free to find more blacks to manipulate and another young woman to hurt. Lutie’s escape to a new life in Chicago seems almost a pointless endeavor; there are undoubtedly the same streets there, and the same lack of possibility that will prevent her advancement.

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