85 pages 2 hours read

Potiki

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1986

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Chapters 20-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2

Chapter 20 Summary: “Toko”

As in his premonition, Toko awakes one night to an array of colors and sounds, which are caused by a fire raging in the meeting house. Manu gets up and, seeing the fire and commotion, believes it to be a nightmare he will awake from. Toko eventually manages to ease himself from his bed into his wheelchair and instructs Manu to wheel him outside, where he witnesses the “shouting, crying, daylit colour [sic] night” (135). He approaches Mary, who is crying and lamenting the loss of the poupou (wooden figures). Once the fireman finish putting out the fire, which has destroyed the roof and walls of the meeting house, the night falls dark and silent. The Maori people sit and cry for the loss of their sacred building and begin to sing, although “there was little comfort in it” (137). Tangi starts shouting angrily and vows to take revenge herself on those who started the fire, dismissing someone else’s suggestion of requesting another inquiry as pointless.

In the morning, they go out to observe “the ruin that had been the house of genealogies” (137) and see Mary retrieving “a scarred and blackened poupou from the pile” (138).

Chapter 21 Summary: “Toko”

The day after the fire, the Maori community are visited by the friends who helped them in the aftermath of the flooding, as well by police, journalists and members of the fire brigade. Granny Tamihana, the only member of the family whose spirit is not utterly broken by the events of the previous night, galvanizes the others into attending to their visitors. Observing her, Toko realizes that “loss and sorrow were ordinary in her life” (140) and that she has learned over the years that there is nothing to be gained from being angry. Aside from recognizing the importance of re-establishing the usual routine, she also encourages her family to discuss what has happened. Hoani, the minister, leads a karakia (service) “to put evil away” (141) and instill a spirit of goodness and caring among the members of the community. They then gut the house and sort through the timbers, looking for anything that the fire has spared, and bury the debris. At the end of the day, they wash and bathe in the lagoon, at which point Reuben, Hiria and other people from Te Ope arrive to share in their grief and support them. They have brought tents with them, which they set up as a workshop for the planning and rebuilding of the community’s meeting house.

The Maori people receive support from all over the country in the form of gifts, tradespeople, craftspeople, money and letters of encouragement. They go on excursions to seek out the plants and materials required to build and adorn the wharenui and set up shelters to allow the materials to dry out. As they work, they become “caught up in the excitement of planning, building and decorating the new house” (143), as well as exhausted from the hard labor they are carrying out on the house and the gardens. Even Toko, who cannot exert himself due to his condition, works on the tutkutuku (latticework) for the meeting house. Among the workers is a carver from Te Ope, who has passed on his skills to James and some of the others. They are so preoccupied by their work that they are able to ignore the “blasting of the hills and the shore rock” (145) and the further requests they receive for their land.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Hemi”

As he finishes his work in the gardens one late afternoon in the fall, having sent the younger workers to the wharekai (dining hall) early, Hemi contemplates whether or not it is right that “their young lives were being spent bent over the land” (146), like his was. He also reflects on the good harvest they have had this season, much of which they have been able to send to market. His thoughts then turn to the struggle to recover from the flooding, as well as the fire and the importance of having the help and support of others at such times. He compares his way of dealing with these misfortunes with Tangi’s, whose anger over the injustice of these incidents has led her to leave the whanau and reject Pena’s attempts to bring her home. He wonders whether he should talk to Reuben, who shares Tangi’s defiance with regard to the designs that outsiders have on their land, about whether or not they are right to try to temper her emotions. He also worries about whether the hard work on the land will drive some of the remaining community away, like it did those who returned home temporarily due to unemployment. He then remembers the presence that had visited him the previous night and “sat on him, heavily [...] as he half slept” (150) and wonders whether it could be some sort of warning. He decides to keep this to himself for the time being and continue with his duty of trying to “keep the home warm” (150).

Chapter 23 Summary: “Roimata”

Roimata acknowledges the truth in Toko’s premonitions that the lives of her people were about to change, as she contemplates the “changing landscape” (151) caused by the construction work. She realizes that the strength that had once characterized her people has been replaced by fear and uncertainty regarding the future. She remembers Reuben’s warning that the land developers will not stop until they achieve their goal of forcing the Maori people off their land. She also notes the “excitement” and “energy” (151) that had been created by the reconstruction of the house and gardens, despite the threat they live under. She then remembers the help given by the Te Ope people, who understand the deep significance their meeting households, a significance that can never be understood by those who carried out the inquiry into the fire and suggested that it was the Maori people themselves who caused the fire. Finally, she comments on Tangi’s decision to leave the whanau due to her inability to understand her family’s acceptance of the attacks on their livelihood.

Chapter 24 Summary: “Toko”

Toko describes a special door in the new meeting house that has been built for him by his uncles, in order to allow him to access the building in his wheelchair. James has carved the doorway to portray the special relationship that has formed between their tribe and the Te Ope people through each community’s support of the other, and has also carved “a common ancestress from whom both people could show descent” (153). Inside the door, there is a mattress for Toko to sit on. Since he is unlikely to reach adulthood, he is allowed the privilege of speaking in the meeting house, which is usually reserved for older members of the community. His mattress is positioned beneath the reconstruction of the “loving-man” (154) poupou, whose remains Mary had retrieved from the debris caused by the fire. Toko then tells the story he has learned from Granny Tamihana of the carver who had made this poupou, along with their original meeting house, and left a space underneath it that could not yet be filled because he had had “no children of his own” (155) to carve. This is where Toko sits, “keeping warm the place of the child not by then known” (155).

Finally, Toko recounts an incident that took place one evening when Roimata and he had found Manu sleeping in the new doorway. Talking in his sleep, Manu had told them that there was a fire. Reassuring him that there was no fire, he and Roimata had taken him home.

Chapters 20-24 Analysis

Chapter 20 begins with the realization of Toko’s premonition about a “night of colours [sic]” from the previous chapter: the burning of the meeting house, which is the second attempt of the land developers to force the Maori community off their land. This episode not only reveals the mercenary heartlessness of the Dollarmen, who, as Reuben says, “have become just like their machines” (151), but also the spiritual significance of the wharenui for the Maori people, whose thoughts and spirits are “in ruin, fallen to broken earth” (139) as a consequence of its destruction.

However, what really stands out in this section of the novel, as it did in the chapters that describe the flooding of the burial ground, is the enormous resilience of the Maori people, who not only find the energy and strength to rebuild their meeting house but become a stronger community as a result. The new meeting house becomes a symbol of this renewed strength, as it is the product of the joint efforts of their community and those of the Te Ope people, who come to the aid of Hemi’s whanau, just as Hemi’s family had helped the Te Ope to rebuild their lost community years ago.

This friendship and union is accordingly represented by James, in his carvings around Toko’s special door: each family occupies a side of the door and they are joined at the top by a “common ancestress,” and the figures are all “joined by their fingers or toes, hands, feet, arms, legs, foreheads or tongues until all had become part of one another” (153). Indeed, in Chapter 20, Toko refers to the mythological representation of fire as a gift and a source of life that springs “from the topknot and into the heart of trees” (136), which is perhaps an allusion to the birth of a stronger community that will emerge from the tragedy of the fire. The recurrent idea that death brings about a new beginning is also reintroduced in Chapter 24 when Toko comments that the remnants of the loving-man poupou, which had been the last figure made by the master carver, in the Prologue, have become “the first piece for the new house” (154).

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