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Smartphones are a motif in “Mr. Harrigan’s Phone,” drawing out the theme of The Banality of Evil. In the novella, the dawn of the iPhone places Craig and Mr. Harrigan at a historical moment in which social behaviors and attitudes were shifting due to the influence of new communication technologies. Mr. Harrigan initially rejects the iPhone that Craig gifts him, fearing that this new technology will take up all his time, but Craig succeeds in convincing Mr. Harrigan to keep the iPhone or risk falling behind his business competitors. This argument encapsulates the coercive quality of such technologies, which have reshaped the social world so rapidly that anyone who chooses not to adopt them risks being left behind.
One of the ways Craig responds to Mr. Harrigan’s death is to impulsively take his iPhone. The iPhone is an embodiment of their bond, which is why Craig uses it to leave his friend a final thank-you note before placing it in Mr. Harrigan’s pocket at the funeral.
Craig misses Mr. Harrigan so much that he calls him to hear his voicemail recording. Over time, he uses the voicemail inbox as a safe space for secrets he cannot readily share with others, like Kenny Yanko’s harassment. When Kenny dies, Craig can’t help but connect it to his voicemail in Mr. Harrigan’s phone. Craig tries to learn more about the nature of Kenny’s death, but only becomes less certain of what really happened. When Ms. Hargensen dies, Craig uses his old iPhone’s connection to Mr. Harrigan’s inbox to take revenge on Dean Whitmore. After Dean dies, Craig becomes convinced that his use of the iPhone is dangerous. He disposes of his old phone by throwing it in a lake. He briefly considers disposing of his current iPhone as well, realizing how much he has become reliant on smartphones to function through daily life. He admits that Mr. Harrigan was right about people losing all their time to technology and hopes that he never gets buried with his phone.
In “The Life of Chuck,” the cupola is a motif for Overcoming the Fear of Death as a theme. Chuck’s grandparents forbid him from entering the cupola, which invites his curiosity about what it contains. When Albie tells Chuck that the cupola is haunted and that it grants people visions of future deaths, Chuck regards the cupola with fear. He tempts the possibility of entering it by going up to the door and playing with the lock, but always ends up running away for fear of what awaits him on the other side. The cupola thus resonates with Chuck’s trauma over losing his family.
After Chuck loses Sarah and Albie, he becomes old enough to overcome his fear of the cupola. When he enters, he initially thinks that the stories he has been told were just stories, but then he sees his own death at 39 years old. This moment represents Chuck’s conquest over death since he does not respond to the revelation with terror or dread. Instead, he takes it as a sign to accept his right to a wonderful and worthwhile life.
In “Rat,” the rat is not only an outlet for Drew Larson’s morality; it also functions as a motif for the theme of The Dangers of Impulsiveness and Obsession. The rat first appears when Drew rescues it from the storm. Instead of leaving it outside, Drew places the rat near the woodstove to keep it warm as it dies. This speaks to Drew’s humanity as he extends pity toward the suffering rat. Though no one is there to see Drew save the rat, Drew does it anyway out of compassion.
In return for the favor, the rat offers to guarantee that Drew will finish his book as long as he can name someone he cares for to die. Drew jumps at this offer because, more than anything else, he wants to obey his impulse to write a novel and follow it to completion. He briefly wrestles with whom he should name but does not interrogate the ethics of making such a choice in the first place. This exposes Drew’s willingness to look past the ethical choice in order to obey his impulses.
Drew starts to reckon with the repercussions of his choice after he finishes writing his novel. He keeps mishearing the word “rat,” which nags at him as a reminder of his skewed morality. Drew is unsure whether his encounter with the rat was real, especially when he discovers a stuffed rat among the toys at the cabin. After Nadine is revealed to have died alongside Al, he nevertheless takes the stuffed rat and burns it. The talking rat returns to him, allowing Drew to call it out for cheating him. The rat retorts that Drew always knew what he was getting into when he chose to save the rat.
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